Comparação da labilidade de metais empregando voltametria, difusão em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração (DGT) e modelo computacional

Speciation of metals in a synthetic freshwater was comparatively evaluated using Anodic Stripping Voltammetry, Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films and a Chemical Equilibrium Model. The labile fractions of Cu and Zn quantified by DGT were similar to the ones measured by ASV. The labile species of Cd and Pb could not be determined by both experimental methods due to the formation of inert complexes with organic ligands in the sample. Despite the differences among the methods, the speciation results obtained by the use of DGT and ASV agreed well with predictions made by the chemical equilibrium model

Estudo de sorção de herbicidas pelos argilominerais vermiculita e montmorilonita

The clay minerals montmorillonite (MT) and vermiculite (VT), previously treated with Ca2+, K+ and Na+, were employed in a sorption study with herbicides. The herbicides 2,4-D, diuron, alachlor and metolachlor showed no interaction with MT and VT. On the other hand, the triazines presented a good sorption process, close to 100% for ametrine removal and near to 56 and 69% for atrazine and simazine, respectively, by MT. These results suggest that the MT specie may be a good material for triazines removal from aqueous medium and an alternative phase to preconcentration process, besides to exhibit a good selectivity

Pré-concentração de Cr(III) e análise de especiação de cromo empregando montmorilonita saturada com íons potássio

The clay mineral montmorillonite-K10 (MT), treated under acidic medium and saturated with potassium ions (MTK), was employed in sorption and desorption studies aiming the preconcentration of Cr(III) and the speciation analysis of chromium. The sorption process of Cr(III) was close to 100%, suggesting that MTK was a good material for Cr(III) preconcentration, although, the maximum recovery in HNO3 solution was near 89%. On the other hand, Cr(VI) practically was not retained in MTK, suggesting this material as an appropriate mineral phase to be used in speciation analysis of chromium in aqueous medium

Colorectal Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Before vs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy

IMPORTANCE Delays in screening programs and the reluctance of patients to seek medical attention because of the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 could be associated with the risk of more advanced colorectal cancers at diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was associated with more advanced oncologic stage and change in clinical presentation for patients with colorectal cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective, multicenter cohort study included all 17 938 adult patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer from March 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021 (pandemic period), and from January 1, 2018, to February 29, 2020 (prepandemic period), in 81 participating centers in Italy, including tertiary centers and community hospitals. Follow-up was 30 days from surgery. EXPOSURES Any type of surgical procedure for colorectal cancer, including explorative surgery, palliative procedures, and atypical or segmental resections. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was advanced stage of colorectal cancer at diagnosis. Secondary outcomes were distant metastasis, T4 stage, aggressive biology (defined as cancer with at least 1 of the following characteristics: signet ring cells, mucinous tumor, budding, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and lymphangitis), stenotic lesion, emergency surgery, and palliative surgery. The independent association between the pandemic period and the outcomes was assessed using multivariate random-effects logistic regression, with hospital as the cluster variable. RESULTS A total of 17 938 patients (10 007 men [55.8%]; mean [SD] age, 70.6 [12.2] years) underwent surgery for colorectal cancer: 7796 (43.5%) during the pandemic period and 10 142 (56.5%) during the prepandemic period. Logistic regression indicated that the pandemic period was significantly associated with an increased rate of advanced-stage colorectal cancer (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95%CI, 1.01-1.13; P = .03), aggressive biology (OR, 1.32; 95%CI, 1.15-1.53; P < .001), and stenotic lesions (OR, 1.15; 95%CI, 1.01-1.31; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study suggests a significant association between the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the risk of a more advanced oncologic stage at diagnosis among patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer and might indicate a potential reduction of survival for these patients

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Isolation, purification and complexation studies of humic substances

No presente trabalho focalizou-se a atenção nas propriedades de substâncias húmicas, em particular a fração de ácido húmico (AH), o qual foi obtido de duas fontes, sendo uma comercial e outra isolada de sedimentos do Rio Tietê, coletados no reservatório de Barra Bonita (SP). O isolamento do AH do sedimento foi realizado segundo o procedimento proposto pela Sociedade Internacional de Substâncias Húmicas (S.I.S.H.). Ambas amostras foram caracterizadas em paralelo através de análise elementar, absorção molecular no visível (razão E4/E6) e infravermelho e teores de cinzas. As propriedades ácido-base das amostras foram estudadas por titulação potenciométrica, adotando-se o modelo de distribuição de sítios discretos, empregando-se funções de Gran modificadas para tratamento dos dados. Foi possível caracterizar seis classes de grupos tituláveis em força iônica 0,1 (NaCI), com pKa entre 3 e 10. Constatou-se maior contribuição de grupos carboxílicos (grupos titulados com pKa log K AH-Pb > log K AH-Cd aproximadamente igual a log K AH-Zn. Quanto a capacidade de complexação (Cc), observou-se que CcPb > CcCu > CcCd aproximadamente igual a CcZn.The aim of the present work was to study the humic substances, with emphasis to the humic acid (HA) fraction isolated from sediments of the Tietê River, collected at the Barra Bonita reservoir. The extraction of the humic acid was performed according to the procedure proposed by the International Humic Substances Society (I.H.S.S.). A commercial humic acid from Aldrich was studied in parallel. Both HA samples were characterized by elemental analysis, molecular absorption in the visible (E4/E6 ratio) and infrared regions, and ash contents. The acid-base properties of both humic acids were studied by potentiometric titrations, adopting the discrete site distribuition model and the modified Gran functions for data fitting. Six classes of titratable groups were characterized in 0,1 mol.L-1 (NaCI) ionic medium, with pKa values between 3 and 10. The sum of carboxylic groups (titratable groups with pKa log KHA-Pb > log KHA-Cd approximately equal to log KHA-Zn. With regard the complexing capacity (Cc),the following order was observed: CcPb > CcCu > CcCd approximately equal to CcZn

Complexation and adsorption properties of environmentally relevant particles in presence and absence of humic acid. 1. adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on vermiculite. 2. adsorpton of atrazine and metabolites on soil.

Estudou-se a adsorção de Cd(II) e Pb(II) em uma suspensão de vermiculita 1,0 g L-1 em meio de KNO3 2 e 20 mmoI L-1 em pH 5,0; 6,0 e 7,0 (±0,1). Após um tempo de equilíbrio de 6 h, as suspensões foram centrifugadas e o sobrenadante analisado por voltametria de redissolução anódica em condições de fluxo contínuo na etapa de acumulação. A capacidade de adsorção e afinidade das ligações, avaliadas pelos métodos de Scatchard e Freundlich, foi maior para o Pb(II) do que para o Cd(II), aumentando para ambos os cátions com o aumento do pH e diminuição da força iônica. De modo geral, a incorporação de substância húmica na vermiculita, obtida a partir de uma suspensão 30 mg L-1 de ácido húmico (AH), aumentou a capacidade de adsorção de Pb(II) e Cd(II) nas condições estudadas. Em uma segunda etapa estudou-se a adsorção do herbicida atrazina (AT) e os metabólitos hidróxi-atrazina (HAT), desetil-atrazina (DEA) e desisopropil-atrazina (DIA) em amostra de solo. O estudo foi conduzido em suspensão contendo 1,0 g de solo e 5 mL de solução de CaCI2 0,01 moI L-1 em pH 5,2 ± 0,1, contendo o herbicida e os metabólitos. Após um tempo de equilíbrio de 24 h, as suspensões foram centrifugadas e as soluções analisadas por HPLC. O tratamento de dados pelos métodos de Scatchard e Freundlich revelou a ordem de afinidade e capacidade de adsorção: HAT > AT > DEA =~ DIA, tanto na presença, como na ausência de AH.The adsorption of Cd(lI) and Pb(lI) was studied in a 1,00 g I-1 vermiculite suspension in 2 and 20 mmol I-1 KNO3 medium at pH 5,0; 6,0 and 7,0 (±0,1). After 6 h of equilibrium time, the suspensions were centrifuged and the supernatants analyzed by anodic stripping voltammetry under continuous flow in the accumulation step. To evaluate the adsorption capacity and the binding affinity, the Scatchard and Freundlich methods were employed, showing a greater removal process for Pb(II), increasing for both ions at higher pH values and smaller ionic strength. In short, the vermiculite treated with a 30 mg I-1 humic acid (HA) suspension showed an enhancement of the adsorption capacity for Cd(lI) and Pb(lI) under alI conditions of this study. Secondly, the adsorption process of the herbicide atrazine (AT), and the metabolites hidroxyatrazine (HAT), deethylatrazine (DEA) and deisopropylatrazine (DIA) was studied in a soil sample. The study was carried out in a 5 ml suspension with 1,0 g of soil in 0,01 moI I-1 CaCl2 solution, pH 5.2 ± 0.1, in the presence of the herbicide and metabolites. After an equiIibrium time of 24 h, the suspensions were centrifuged and the supernatants analyzed using HPLC. The data treatment using Scatchard and Freundlich methods revealed the following adsorption capacity and affinity order: HAT > AT > DEA =~DIA, in the presence or absence of HA